Aortic Stenosis

  Aortic Insufficiency
  AV Prosthesis
  Mitral Stenosis
  Mitral Regurgitation
  Mitral Prosthesis
  Diastology
  Left Atrial Size
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  Aortic Valve Prosthesis
     
                 
  Peak LVOT Velocity (Peak LVOT) = Peak AV Jet Velocity (Peak AV Jet) = Peak LVOT/   Peak AV Jet =    
       Normal > 0.28, Obstruction <0.25. (J.S. Child, 2004)    
       
                 
  Peak systolic velocity alone can be misleading unless very high (i.e., > 4.5 m/sec). The inner orifice of the St. Jude valve can pose problems. Mean systolic gradient is not helpful unless > 50 mmHg. The contour of the systolic velocity profile may be helpful. Early peaking-triangular is usually normal, mid peaking-rounded = obstruction.    
     
                 
     
                 
  For a high gradient with an aortic prosthetic valve: (1) Confirm valve subtype and size. (2) Review the "normal range" data for gradients and Effective Orifice Area (EOA) for that particular valve. (3) Review pt's early post-op baseline echocardiographic data. (4) If still uncertain, perform TEE and/or fluoroscopy.    
     
     
                 
  LVOT Diameter in cm = LVOT VTI in cm = AV VTI cm =    
             
             
  LVOT Diameter is measured from inner-inner edge of the prosthetic sewing ring in the parasternal long axis view. Most obstructed valves have an EOA <0.8 cm2. Effective Orifice     Area cm2 =    
                 
       
  To trigger calculations, press TAB.

 

Source: ACC/AHA 2006 Recommendations